Best 10 Undercoatings for Wheel Wells

Your wheel wells silently battle some of the harshest conditions your vehicle faces. While you’re cruising down the highway, these unsung heroes are getting pelted with gravel, soaked in corrosive road salt, and constantly sprayed with moisture and grime. It’s no wonder they often become ground zero for rust and corrosion long before other parts of your car show wear. Choosing the right undercoating for this critical area isn’t just about aesthetics—it’s about preserving your vehicle’s structural integrity and resale value for years to come.

But here’s the thing: not all undercoatings are created equal, and the wheel wells present unique challenges that require careful consideration. The flexing, impact resistance, and extreme exposure demands mean you need a solution specifically engineered for this environment. Whether you’re a DIY enthusiast looking to protect your weekend warrior or a daily driver seeking maximum longevity, understanding what makes an effective wheel well undercoating will save you time, money, and frustration down the road.

Top 10 Undercoating For Wheel Wells

Griot's Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 10987, 22ozGriot's Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 10987, 22ozCheck Price
Griot's Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 11139, One GallonGriot's Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 11139, One GallonCheck Price
AquaNation Listing For Wurth High Build Under Seal 17.5 Fl Oz Aerosol Undercoating - Superior Protection Against Abrasion and Corrosion Perfect For Automotive Underbody, Fenders, Wheel WellsAquaNation Listing For Wurth High Build Under Seal 17.5 Fl Oz Aerosol Undercoating - Superior Protection Against Abrasion and Corrosion Perfect For Automotive Underbody, Fenders, Wheel WellsCheck Price
Adam's Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Spray - Quick and Easy to Use - Turn Your Wheel Wells Invisible - Leaves a Black Satin Finish (5 Gallon)Adam's Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Spray - Quick and Easy to Use - Turn Your Wheel Wells Invisible - Leaves a Black Satin Finish (5 Gallon)Check Price
Adam's Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Dressing Spray for Car Detailing, Silica Infused for Preium Results, Works on Tires, Trim, Wheel Wells, Black Satin Finish (1 Gallon)Adam's Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Dressing Spray for Car Detailing, Silica Infused for Preium Results, Works on Tires, Trim, Wheel Wells, Black Satin Finish (1 Gallon)Check Price

Detailed Product Reviews

1. Griot’s Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 10987, 22oz

Griot's Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 10987, 22oz

Overview: Griot’s Garage Undercarriage Spray in the convenient 22-ounce aerosol format delivers professional-grade darkening for wheel wells and suspension components. This ready-to-use formula targets grime while restoring a deep black finish to faded undercarriage surfaces without requiring scrubbing or wiping, making it ideal for quick detailing sessions.

What Makes It Stand Out: The spray-and-walk-away application sets this apart from traditional dressings that demand extensive prep work. Its precision nozzle reaches deep corners behind suspension parts where brushes can’t access. The weather-resistant formula maintains its rich appearance through rain and road spray, extending time between applications significantly.

Value for Money: At $0.73 per fluid ounce, this 22-ounce can represents a moderate investment for occasional users. While not the cheapest option, its no-equipment-needed convenience justifies the premium for DIY enthusiasts. One can adequately covers a sedan’s undercarriage 2-3 times, making it cost-effective for infrequent detailers.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros include effortless application, excellent reach into tight spaces, durable weather resistance, and immediate cosmetic improvement. Cons involve the higher per-ounce cost compared to bulk options, limited coverage for larger vehicles, and aerosol environmental concerns. The single-use packaging generates more waste than refillable systems.

Bottom Line: Perfect for car owners wanting professional undercarriage appearance without investing in spray equipment. The Griot’s Garage 22-ounce can excels for occasional use and smaller vehicles, delivering impressive results with minimal effort. Consider the gallon size if you detail frequently or own trucks/SUVs.


2. Griot’s Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 11139, One Gallon

Griot's Garage Undercarriage Spray for Car Cleaning and Detailing, Undercoating for Wheel Wells, Frame, Springs, and More, 11139, One Gallon

Overview: Griot’s Garage offers the same proven undercarriage formula in a cost-effective one-gallon bulk size for serious enthusiasts and professionals. This larger volume addresses the same cosmetic concerns—faded black components and grime buildup—while providing flexibility in application methods and substantial savings for frequent users.

What Makes It Stand Out: The gallon container enables custom dilution and use with pressure sprayers or undercoating guns, dramatically improving coverage efficiency. Professional detailers can service multiple vehicles from a single container, while serious DIYers appreciate the reduced per-ounce cost and decreased packaging waste compared to multiple aerosol cans.

Value for Money: At $0.43 per fluid ounce, this bulk option delivers exceptional savings over the 22-ounce version. The initial $54.48 investment pays for itself after detailing 3-4 vehicles. For truck owners or those maintaining multiple cars, the economics become even more compelling, making it the smart long-term choice.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros include superior value, versatile application methods, reduced environmental impact, and consistent performance across vehicle types. Cons require purchasing separate spray equipment, significant upfront cost, and storage considerations. The pourable format demands more preparation than aerosol convenience but rewards with professional results.

Bottom Line: The gallon size transforms Griot’s Garage from a consumer product into a professional solution. Ideal for regular detailers, multi-vehicle households, or anyone seeking maximum value. The initial investment quickly justifies itself through savings and performance, making this the economical choice for serious undercarriage maintenance.


3. AquaNation Listing For Wurth High Build Under Seal 17.5 Fl Oz Aerosol Undercoating - Superior Protection Against Abrasion and Corrosion Perfect For Automotive Underbody, Fenders, Wheel Wells

AquaNation Listing For Wurth High Build Under Seal 17.5 Fl Oz Aerosol Undercoating - Superior Protection Against Abrasion and Corrosion Perfect For Automotive Underbody, Fenders, Wheel Wells

Overview: AquaNation’s Wurth High Build Under Seal delivers professional-grade protection rather than mere cosmetic enhancement. This 17.5-ounce aerosol creates a thick, rubberized coating that shields undercarriages from abrasion, chips, and corrosion while providing OEM-textured finish matching factory applications for authentic restoration.

What Makes It Stand Out: Unlike dressings that simply darken surfaces, this high-build formula physically protects metal components. The sound-deadening properties reduce road noise significantly, while paintability allows seamless touch-ups. Fast-drying rubberized coating creates a durable barrier against salt, moisture, and debris that destroy unprotected undercarriages.

Value for Money: At $2.46 per ounce, this premium product costs significantly more than cosmetic dressings. However, it provides genuine protective value that prevents costly rust repairs. For vehicles in harsh climates or classic car preservation, the investment pays dividends by extending structural integrity and resale value.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros include superior abrasion resistance, corrosion protection, noise reduction, OEM texture matching, and paintable finish. Cons involve high price point, specialized application requiring surface prep, permanent nature that complicates future repairs, and limited coverage per can. Overapplication can create unwanted texture buildup.

Bottom Line: Choose Wurth for protection-first applications, not just aesthetics. Essential for winter climate vehicles, off-road trucks, and restoration projects where preventing rust trumps simple appearance. The premium price delivers genuine protective benefits that cosmetic dressings cannot match, making it worth every penny for the right application.


4. Adam’s Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Spray - Quick and Easy to Use - Turn Your Wheel Wells Invisible - Leaves a Black Satin Finish (5 Gallon)

Adam's Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Spray - Quick and Easy to Use - Turn Your Wheel Wells Invisible - Leaves a Black Satin Finish (5 Gallon)

Overview: Adam’s Polishes delivers cutting-edge SiO2 technology in a massive five-gallon professional container designed for high-volume detailers. This invisible undercarriage spray creates an ultra-slick, non-stick surface that actively repels mud, snow, ice, and dirt while restoring components to a deep satin black finish.

What Makes It Stand Out: The silica-infused formula represents the next generation of undercarriage care, creating a hydrophobic barrier that makes future cleaning nearly effortless. The “invisible” technology prevents buildup rather than just masking it, while the satin finish avoids the artificial wet look that some enthusiasts dislike.

Value for Money: At $0.34 per ounce, this bulk option offers the lowest per-unit cost despite premium technology. The $219.99 investment suits professional operations servicing hundreds of vehicles annually. For mobile detailers or shops, the efficiency gains and client satisfaction justify the substantial initial outlay.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros include advanced SiO2 protection, exceptional non-stick properties, professional-grade volume, satin aesthetic, and USA manufacturing. Cons involve massive quantity unsuitable for casual users, requires dedicated spray system, high upfront cost, and potential waste if product expires before use.

Bottom Line: The five-gallon Adam’s Polishes container serves professional detailing businesses exclusively. Its revolutionary SiO2 technology and unbeatable bulk pricing make it a strategic investment for shops prioritizing efficiency and cutting-edge results. Individual enthusiasts should consider the one-gallon version instead.


5. Adam’s Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Dressing Spray for Car Detailing, Silica Infused for Preium Results, Works on Tires, Trim, Wheel Wells, Black Satin Finish (1 Gallon)

Adam's Polishes SiO2 Infused Invisible Undercarriage Dressing Spray for Car Detailing, Silica Infused for Preium Results, Works on Tires, Trim, Wheel Wells, Black Satin Finish (1 Gallon)

Overview: Adam’s Polishes offers the same innovative SiO2-infused undercarriage dressing in a manageable one-gallon size for serious enthusiasts and smaller professional operations. This advanced formula transforms wheel wells and trim with non-stick technology that actively repels contaminants while delivering a rich satin black finish.

What Makes It Stand Out: The silica infusion creates a genuinely slick surface that reduces future cleaning time by preventing mud and grime adhesion. Unlike traditional dressings that attract dust, this technology keeps undercarriages cleaner longer. The versatile formulation works on tires and exterior trim, providing multi-surface value beyond just wheel wells.

Value for Money: At $0.59 per ounce, this premium product costs more than conventional dressings but delivers advanced protective benefits. The gallon size balances economy with practicality, offering sufficient volume for dozens of applications while remaining manageable for storage and use without professional equipment.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros include cutting-edge SiO2 technology, versatile multi-surface application, easy spray-and-walk-away use, durable satin finish, and American manufacturing. Cons involve higher price than basic dressings, may require sprayer purchase, and silica technology may be unnecessary for garage-kept vehicles.

Bottom Line: The one-gallon Adam’s Polishes represents the sweet spot for enthusiasts wanting professional-grade protection without commercial volume. Ideal for weekly detailers, car show participants, and those in harsh climates. The SiO2 technology justifies the premium for anyone prioritizing easier maintenance and superior results.


Why Wheel Wells Need Special Protection

Wheel wells endure dynamic stress unlike any other part of your vehicle’s undercarriage. Every rotation of your tires flings debris at high velocity into these cavities, while suspension movement causes constant flexing and vibration. This mechanical action can crack rigid coatings, exposing bare metal to the elements. Additionally, wheel wells trap moisture and salt, creating a perfect storm for oxidation. Standard underbody treatments often fail here because they can’t handle the unique combination of impact, flex, and chemical exposure. A dedicated wheel well solution must remain pliable while forming an impenetrable barrier against both physical and chemical attacks.

Understanding Undercoating Types

The chemistry behind your undercoating determines everything from application ease to long-term performance. Each formulation brings distinct advantages and trade-offs that directly impact its suitability for wheel well applications.

rubberized undercoatings

Rubberized formulas create a flexible, sound-dampening membrane that excels at absorbing impact from road debris. These products typically contain asphalt or synthetic rubber suspended in a solvent carrier, drying to a tacky, elastic finish. The key advantage lies in their ability to stretch and compress without cracking, making them ideal for the constant vibration and flex in wheel wells. However, they can soften in extreme heat and may trap moisture if applied incorrectly. Look for versions specifically labeled “non-trapping” or “breathable” for wheel well use.

Asphalt-Based Undercoatings

The heavy-duty workhorses of the undercoating world, asphalt-based products offer maximum thickness and stone-chip resistance. They dry to a hard, textured finish that can take serious punishment from gravel and rocks. While incredibly durable, their rigidity becomes a liability in wheel wells with complex shapes or significant suspension travel. Modern formulations often blend asphalt with rubber compounds to improve flexibility. These are best suited for trucks and SUVs that see severe off-road conditions.

Wax and Paraffin-Based Undercoatings

These penetrating formulas work differently than surface coatings. They creep into seams and crevices, displacing moisture and leaving a waxy, water-repellent barrier. While not as thick or impact-resistant as rubberized options, they excel at reaching areas sprays can’t access. Their low viscosity makes them perfect for annual touch-ups and for vehicles in moderate climates. The downside? They wash away faster and require more frequent reapplication, especially in areas with harsh winters.

Polyurethane-Based Undercoatings

The premium choice for enthusiasts, polyurethane formulations deliver a perfect balance of hardness and flexibility. They cure to a tough, glossy finish that resists chemicals, UV rays, and abrasion while maintaining enough elasticity to move with the metal. These products often require more precise application and typically cost more, but their longevity—often 5-10 years—justifies the investment. They’re particularly effective on modern vehicles with complex wheel well liners.

Lanolin-Based Undercoatings

Derived from sheep’s wool, lanolin-based products offer a unique eco-friendly approach. They’re non-toxic, highly water-repellent, and provide excellent creep characteristics. While not as thick as synthetic options, they prevent rust by creating an anaerobic environment that starves corrosion of oxygen. Their biodegradable nature makes them popular among environmentally conscious owners, though they demand annual reapplication and work best as part of a comprehensive maintenance schedule.

Key Performance Features to Evaluate

When comparing formulations, focus on these critical metrics: dry time, flexibility rating (measured in elongation percentage), salt spray resistance hours, and temperature operating range. A quality wheel well undercoating should maintain flexibility below -20°F and resist softening above 200°F. Check for NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) ratings if sound deadening matters to you. The best products publish independent test data showing performance after 1000+ hours of salt spray exposure and multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Application Method Considerations

Your choice of application method dramatically affects results. Aerosol cans offer convenience and reach into tight spots but provide thinner coverage and higher per-ounce cost. Quart or gallon cans applied with undercoating guns deliver thicker, more uniform coats but require compressor equipment and cleanup. Brush-on formulas give maximum control for detailed work around brackets and seams. For wheel wells, consider a hybrid approach: spray for coverage, then brush for edges and complex geometry. Professional setups often use heated spray systems that reduce viscosity for better penetration and smoother finishes.

Surface Preparation: The Foundation of Success

The best undercoating in the world will fail if applied over contamination. Start with a thorough pressure wash, using a degreaser or dedicated undercarriage cleaner to remove oil, old undercoating flakes, and road film. Inspect for existing rust—surface rust requires wire brushing or media blasting, while deep rust needs conversion treatment first. After cleaning, the surface must be completely dry; even trace moisture causes adhesion failure. Many pros use infrared lamps or forced air dryers. Apply a rust-inhibitive primer to bare metal spots before undercoating. This multi-step process seems tedious but separates five-year protection from five-month disappointment.

DIY vs. Professional Application

The DIY route saves money but demands time, tools, and attention to detail. You’ll need jack stands, pressure washer, respirator, goggles, and proper ventilation. Professional shops charge $150-$400 for wheel well treatment but bring expertise, commercial-grade products, and warranty coverage. They can also apply coatings evenly while you wait. Consider your skill level: if you can’t confidently identify different undercarriage materials or properly mask brake components, professional application prevents costly mistakes. For newer vehicles, the investment in professional work often pays dividends in warranty preservation.

Climate and Environmental Factors

Your local environment dictates your undercoating strategy. Coastal areas with salt air need maximum corrosion resistance and frequent inspection. Northern climates with heavy road salt require thick, durable barriers that withstand power washing. Desert regions demand UV resistance and flexibility to handle extreme temperature swings. Off-road enthusiasts should prioritize impact resistance and self-healing properties. Urban drivers face chemical exposure from oil and coolant leaks. Match your product choice to your specific challenges—a one-size-fits-all approach rarely works for wheel wells.

Longevity and Durability Metrics

Understand what manufacturers mean by “lasts up to X years.” These claims assume ideal conditions and perfect application. Real-world wheel well coatings typically need inspection every 12-18 months and touch-ups every 2-3 years. Thickness matters: professional applications often reach 3-5 mils dry film thickness, while DIY sprays might achieve only 1-2 mils. Look for products with documented adhesion ratings (ASTM D4541) and impact resistance (ASTM D2794). The best wheel well undercoatings maintain 90% of their original thickness after three years of normal driving.

Compatibility with Modern Vehicle Materials

Today’s wheel wells contain more than just steel. You’ll find aluminum suspension components, plastic liners, rubber seals, and composite materials. Some undercoatings contain solvents that attack plastics or cause rubber to swell. Always check compatibility charts before application. Polyurethane and lanolin-based products generally play nice with modern materials, while aggressive solvent-based formulas can damage sensitive components. When in doubt, test on an inconspicuous area and wait 24 hours. Electric and hybrid vehicles add complexity—avoid conductive coatings near battery packs and high-voltage wiring.

Cost Analysis and Value Proposition

Budget-friendly aerosol cans run $10-$15 each but require 3-4 cans per wheel well for adequate coverage. Professional-grade gallons cost $50-$100 but cover entire vehicles. Factor in prep materials, tools, and your time for true DIY cost. Professional application seems expensive until you calculate the value of a proper warranty and guaranteed thickness. Consider the cost of NOT protecting wheel wells: rust repair easily exceeds $1000 per wheel well, and corrosion can total a vehicle’s frame. The math favors prevention, especially on vehicles you plan to keep beyond five years.

Common Application Mistakes to Avoid

Never apply undercoating over rust scale or loose factory coating—it will peel off in sheets. Avoid coating exhaust components, brake lines, and rubber bushings; the heat and solvents cause degradation. Don’t apply in high humidity or below recommended temperature; improper curing leads to bubbling and poor adhesion. Skipping the drying step is the number one DIY failure. Also, resist the urge to apply one thick coat; multiple thin coats bond better and dry properly. Finally, never use undercoating as a rust converter—it’s a preventive measure, not a restorative one.

Maintenance and Reapplication Strategies

Set a calendar reminder for wheel well inspection every spring and fall. Look for cracks, thinning areas, and coating separation. Clean the wheel wells thoroughly before inspection—dirt hides problems. Touch up damage immediately with a compatible product; spot repairs prevent widespread failure. For maintenance coats, you don’t need to remove the old undercoating completely; just clean, scuff, and apply a new layer. Consider a light wax-based coat annually over your primary undercoating for extended protection. Document your maintenance with photos to track degradation over time.

Environmental and Health Safety Considerations

Modern undercoatings have evolved beyond the toxic formulas of the past, but safety remains critical. Always work in well-ventilated areas and wear a respirator with organic vapor cartridges, not just a dust mask. Solvent-based products release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to air pollution and health issues. Water-based formulas offer lower VOC content but may sacrifice durability. Dispose of rags and leftover product according to local regulations—spontaneous combustion is a real risk with oil-soaked materials. For eco-friendly options, lanolin-based products provide effective protection with minimal environmental impact.

Warranty and Insurance Implications

Check your vehicle’s warranty before applying any undercoating. Some manufacturers void corrosion warranties if they determine aftermarket coatings trapped moisture or prevented proper drainage. Document your application process with photos and product specifications. Insurance companies may view proper undercoating favorably for comprehensive coverage, especially in rust-prone regions. However, improper application that damages sensors or components could affect claims. Professional applications often come with their own warranty, providing an extra layer of protection beyond the product itself.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should I reapply undercoating to wheel wells?

For most climates, inspect annually and expect to touch up every 2-3 years. Harsh winter regions with heavy salt use may need attention every 18-24 months. Premium polyurethane coatings can last 5+ years with proper prep, while wax-based formulas require yearly reapplication. The key is regular inspection rather than following a fixed schedule—catching thin spots early prevents costly rust.

Can I apply new undercoating over old, existing coating?

Yes, but with critical caveats. The existing coating must be firmly adhered—no flaking or bubbling. Thoroughly clean and scuff the old surface to create a mechanical bond for the new layer. Avoid applying drastically different chemistries over each other (like wax over rubberized) as adhesion suffers. When in doubt, strip problem areas to bare metal and start fresh. Professional shops often use a compatible tie-coat primer when layering different product types.

What’s the ideal temperature for applying wheel well undercoating?

Most products perform best between 65-85°F with low humidity. Cold temperatures prevent proper flow and adhesion, while excessive heat causes solvents to flash off too quickly, creating a weak bond. Never apply below 50°F or above 95°F. If you must work in marginal conditions, use infrared lamps to warm the metal substrate and choose products specifically formulated for wider temperature ranges.

Will undercoating my wheel wells reduce road noise?

Yes, significantly. Quality rubberized undercoatings can reduce wheel well noise by 3-7 decibels, noticeably dampening tire roar and road spray impact. The sound-deadening effect depends on thickness and coverage completeness. For maximum NVH reduction, focus on the flat, resonant panels rather than complex shapes. Combine undercoating with wheel well liners for the quietest results. Luxury vehicles often use this dual-layer approach from the factory.

Is it safe to undercoat near brake components and sensors?

Extreme caution is required. Never coat brake rotors, calipers, pads, or friction surfaces. Mask ABS sensors, wheel speed sensors, and any wiring connections. Solvents can damage sensor housings and cause malfunctions. Heat from brakes will degrade undercoating and release fumes. Professional shops use high-temperature resistant formulas specifically formulated for areas near brake systems. When in doubt, keep coatings at least 6 inches away from all brake components.

How do I remove old undercoating that’s failing?

Mechanical removal works best: wire wheels on a drill, scrapers, and plenty of elbow grease. For thick rubberized coatings, a heat gun softens the material for easier scraping. Chemical strippers exist but are messy and potentially damaging to other components. Many professionals use media blasting with plastic beads or walnut shells for thorough removal without metal damage. Always wear respiratory protection as old undercoating may contain hazardous materials. Expect this to be a full-day job per wheel well.

Can undercoating prevent existing rust from spreading?

Undercoating stops new rust but won’t halt existing corrosion. For active rust, you must first remove loose scale, treat with a rust converter containing phosphoric acid, then prime before undercoating. Sealing rust without conversion traps moisture and accelerates hidden corrosion. Think of undercoating as a preventive shield, not a cure. Address rust issues completely before applying any protective coating for lasting results.

What’s the difference between undercoating and bedliner for wheel wells?

Bedliners are typically thicker, harder, and designed for static truck beds, not dynamic wheel wells. Their rigidity leads to cracking under constant flexing. Quality undercoatings remain flexible and are formulated specifically for undercarriage vibration. Some modern polyurethane products blur the lines, offering bedliner-like durability with undercoating flexibility. For wheel wells, always choose products explicitly marketed for undercarriage use rather than repurposing bedliner.

Are water-based undercoatings effective for wheel wells?

Water-based formulas have improved dramatically, offering decent protection with easier cleanup and lower VOCs. However, they generally don’t match solvent-based products for salt resistance and durability in extreme conditions. They work well for moderate climates and as maintenance topcoats over existing solvent-based layers. For maximum protection in salt-heavy regions, solvent-based rubberized or polyurethane products still outperform water-based alternatives.

How thick should undercoating be in wheel wells?

Aim for 3-5 mils dry film thickness for optimal protection without cracking. This typically requires 2-3 medium coats, allowing proper flash time between applications. Too thin (under 2 mils) provides inadequate protection, while too thick (over 7 mils) becomes prone to cracking and peeling. Professional gauges measure wet film thickness during application. For DIY, follow the manufacturer’s coverage rate—if it says 25 sq ft per can, don’t stretch it to 40 sq ft and expect adequate protection.