Nothing ruins a perfect ride faster than a visor smeared with dead bugs, road grime, or the faint haze of yesterday’s rain. Whether you commute daily, tour cross-country, or carve canyons on weekends, crystal-clear vision isn’t a luxury—it’s survival. The right visor-cleaning kit can be the difference between spotting diesel spill in the apex and learning how asphalt tastes. Below, we’ll unpack everything you need to know before you click “add to cart,” from chemical compatibility to the subtle art of microfiber selection. Buckle up: your helmet—and your eyes—will thank you.
Why a Dedicated Visor Cleaning Kit Matters
Top 10 Motorcycle Helmet Visor Cleaning Kit
Detailed Product Reviews
1. Muc Off 202 Visor, Lens & Goggle Cleaning Kit, Blue, 0.030 l
Overview:
The Muc-Off 202 Visor, Lens & Goggle Cleaning Kit is a palm-sized, 30 ml “Optix Pack” designed for riders who refuse to peer through a haze of bugs, dust and sweat. The zip-lock pouch contains a 15 ml pH-balanced spray, a microfibre cloth cut to goggle-curve shape, and five individually wrapped anti-fog wipes. Everything is TSA-friendly, so it can ride in your hip-pack or carry-on without leaks.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Unlike generic screen wipes, the solution is alcohol-free and safe on anti-scratch, mirrored or photo-chromic coatings. The cloth is stitched with a laser-sealed edge that won’t fray after repeated washes, and the anti-fog wipes leave a hydrophilic film that lasts a full day of downhill shuttles. The whole kit weighs 28 g—lighter than a Clif Bar.
Value for Money:
At $20.97 it’s three times the price of a petrol-station sunglasses wipe, but one cloth survives hundreds of wipes and the spray bottle is refillable. If you ride with $150–$300 goggles or a $200 photo-chromic shield, the cost of scratching them once dwarfs the price of this kit.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: genuinely streak-free finish, re-usable cloth, anti-fog wipes work in humid conditions, tiny footprint.
Cons: spray volume is tiny (≈60 uses), refills not sold separately, zip-lock can split if overstuffed.
Bottom Line:
For racers, bike-packers or anyone who clears lenses mid-ride, the Optix Pack is cheap insurance against scratched, fogged vision. Buy it once, keep it in your pack, and you’ll never gamble on a gas-station tissue again.
2. Molecule Helmet Care Kit, Anti-Fog, Cleaner Polish, Refresh, and Rain Repel, Premium Helmet Care, Helmets, Visors, and Goggles, Cleans and Details, 4 Ounces (1 Kit)
Overview:
The Molecule Helmet Care Kit is a 4-in-1 maintenance system designed for riders who want showroom-fresh gear without multiple products. The palm-sized box contains 2 oz bottles of Anti-Fog, Cleaner Polish, Refresh, and Rain Repel—enough for a full season of weekend rides. Spray, wipe, ride; no specialty tools or elbow grease required.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Unlike generic glass or bike cleaners, every formula is lab-tuned for polycarbonate visors, anti-scratch coatings, and moisture-wicking helmet liners. The Anti-Fog creates a hydrophilic film that survives interior humidity, while Rain Repel beads water at 60 mph+, outperforming household rain-x variants that craze plastics. Refresh uses a medical-grade deodorizer that kills bacteria instead of masking it—no perfume headaches on hot days.
Value for Money:
At $29.96 you’re paying ~$7.50 per solution; comparable bike-specific polishes alone cost $12-15. Factor in the travel pouch and visor-safe chemistry and the kit undercuts buying separate premium bottles by 30-40 %.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros:
- Visor clarity improvement is instant and lasts weeks
- Refresh spray eliminates sweat odor in under five minutes
- Rain Repel keeps visor clear in highway downpours
Cons:
- 2 oz bottles run out after ~15 thorough cleanings
- Anti-Fog can streak if over-applied in cold temps
- No microfiber cloths included at this price
Bottom Line:
If you ride year-round and value visibility plus a fresh-smelling lid, the Molecule kit is a no-brainer. Casual commuters may balk at the price, but serious tourers and track-day riders will recoup the cost in safer, clearer vision after the first storm.
3. Motorcycle Helmet and Visor Cleaner - 2 oz Streak Free Spray and Microfiber Towel - Over 200 Sprays
Overview:
Khaki Tom’s 2-oz helmet & visor cleaner arrives as a pocket-size ride companion that promises 200+ sprays of streak-free clarity. Bundled with a plush microfiber towel, it targets the grime every rider collects—squashed bugs, oily fingerprints, road dust—without forcing you to haul a full car-detailing kit on the road.
What Makes It Stand Out:
The formula’s “four free” pledge—no alcohol, ammonia, phosphates, or toxins—means it won’t craze polycarbonate shields, fade helmet graphics, or sting if it drips onto your gloves. Being non-flammable lets you stash it in a hot saddlebag without worry, and the biodegradable recipe earns eco points.
Value for Money:
At $9.95 you’re paying roughly a nickel per spray; two hundred cleanings from one tiny bottle undercuts single-use wipes by a mile and leaves you a reusable microfiber that survives dozens of washes.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: genuinely streak-free on clear, tinted, and mirrored visors; safe for action-camera lenses; featherweight bottle tucks into a jacket pocket; light citrus scent dissipates fast.
Cons: 2 oz disappears faster if you douse fairings or large windscreens; sprayer can drip if you rush the trigger; microfiber is mid-grade—soft enough for visors but leaves lint on glass gauges.
Bottom Line:
For commuters and touring riders who want crystal vision without chemistry-class ingredients, Khaki Tom delivers an inexpensive, planet-friendly shine. Keep a bottle in every bike’s tail section—you’ll reach for it more often than you expect.
4. Molecule Helmet Refresh, Premium Helmet Care, Helmets, Visors, and Goggles, Cleans and Deodorizes, 4 Ounces
Overview: Molecule Helmet Refresh is a specialized 4-ounce spray designed to clean and deodorize motorcycle, racing, and sports helmets. This premium helmet care solution targets the often-overlooked interior lining where sweat, bacteria, and odors accumulate over time. The formula combines cleaning agents with odor-eliminating technology to refresh your helmet without damaging sensitive materials.
What Makes It Stand Out: The proprietary Pico12 odor-eliminating technology sets this product apart from basic fabric fresheners. Rather than merely masking smells, it actively breaks down odor-causing molecules at their source. The cosmetic-grade, skin-friendly ingredients ensure safety for regular contact with your face and head, while the signature Molecule fresh scent leaves a subtle, clean aroma that isn’t overpowering like cheaper alternatives.
Value for Money: At $9.89 for 4 ounces, this premium product costs more than generic fabric sprays, but the specialized formula justifies the price. A little goes a long way—typically 2-3 sprays per application means one bottle lasts several months with weekly use. Considering helmets can cost hundreds of dollars, this maintenance product protects your investment by extending the life of helmet linings.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths include effective odor elimination, skin-safe formula, and pleasant scent that doesn’t linger too long. The spray bottle delivers a fine mist that won’t oversaturate helmet padding. Weaknesses are the premium price point and limited availability compared to general-purpose cleaners. Some users may prefer an unscented option for sensitive noses.
Bottom Line: Molecule Helmet Refresh is worth the investment for riders who regularly use their helmets. It’s particularly valuable for those in hot climates or who sweat heavily during rides. While casual users might balk at the price, serious motorcyclists and racers will appreciate the professional-grade formula that keeps expensive helmets fresh and hygienic.
5. Molecule Matte Care Kit, Anti-Fog, Matte Detailer, Refresh, Rain Repel, Premium Helmet Care, Helmets, Visors, and Goggles, Cleans and Details Matte Finish, 4 Ounces (1 Kit)
Overview:
The Molecule Matte Care Kit is a four-step, matte-safe helmet detailing system that cleans, deodorizes, anti-fogs, and rain-protects your lid without altering its factory finish. Packed in a compact 4-oz bundle, it gives riders everything needed to keep both the exterior shell and interior padding looking—and smelling—factory fresh.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Unlike generic cleaners that leave glossy streaks or silicone build-up, every formula here is engineered for matte surfaces and polycarbonate shields. The Matte Detailer lifts bugs and road grime without polishing agents, while the interior Helmet Refresh uses benzalkonium chloride to kill odor-causing bacteria instead of just masking smells. Anti-Fog and Rain Repel complete the visibility trifecta, creating a hydrophobic, fog-resistant barrier that lasts through multiple rides.
Value for Money:
At $29.94 you’re paying roughly $7.50 per bottle—cheaper than replacing a scratched visor or a sweat-sodden liner. The kit stretches across a full riding season even for daily commuters, making it cheaper per-use than single-use wipes or aerosol competitors.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: matte-safe chemistry, medical-grade sanitizer, hydrophobic rain coating, compact travel sizes, subtle scent.
Cons: 4-oz bottles run out fast on shared helmets, spray nozzles can mist unevenly if cold, no microfiber cloths included.
Bottom Line:
If you ride matte and hate fog, stink, or rain smears, this kit is the easiest, safest one-box solution you’ll find—buy it and keep your helmet looking new longer.
6. Molecule Premium Helmet Care Kit, Includes Anti-Fog, Cleaner Polish, Helmet Refresh, and Rain Repel, For Helmets, Visors, and Goggles, Cleans and Details, 4 Ounces (1 Kit)
Overview:
The Molecule Premium Helmet Care Kit is a four-step detailing system designed for motorcycle, kart, and powersports helmets. The palm-sized box contains 4 fl oz bottles of Anti-Fog, Cleaner Polish, Helmet Refresh, and Rain Repel—everything you need to keep shell, visor, and interior lining showroom-fresh between rides.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Unlike generic household cleaners, every formula is rider-specific: the Anti-Fog creates a streak-free, condensation-blocking film; Rain Repel beads water at highway speeds without smearing; Helmet Refresh is enzyme-based, killing sweat odor instead of masking it; Cleaner Polish lifts track grime and bug guts without scratching iridium or mirrored coatings.
Value for Money:
At $28.99 you’re paying ~$7 per bottle—cheaper than replacing a fog-coated visor or a sweat-soaked cheek pad. Comparable single-purpose sprays (Plexus, FogTech, etc.) would run over $40 if bought separately, and none are helmet-lining safe.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: space-saving kit; safe on all shields (pin-lock, photo-chromic, racing tints); light citrus scent; microfiber cloth included; made in USA.
Cons: 4 oz won’t last a full season for daily commuters; spray nozzles occasionally drip; Rain Repel demands a perfectly clean visor first or it spots.
Bottom Line:
If you ride more than once a week and actually care about visibility and hygiene, this kit pays for itself after the first fog-free, sweet-smelling ride. Casual weekenders can get by with household glass cleaner, but enthusiasts should keep Molecule on the workbench.
7. Helmet Clean & Fresh, Helmet Cleaner And Sanitiser, By Mountval
Overview:
Mountval’s Helmet Clean & Fresh is a pocket-sized 100 ml spray that promises to de-stink, de-grime and gently rejuvenate the linings of ski, bike and motorcycle helmets without attacking high-tech membranes such as Gore-Tex. Made in the EU, the formula is biodegradable, colour-safe and comes with a precise pump atomiser that lets you target padding rather than drench it.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Unlike generic surface cleaners, this blend is expressly pH-balanced for breathable, wicking linings and membrane-backed textiles. The fine mist penetrates foam cells, killing odour-causing bacteria at the source instead of masking them with perfume. It also air-dries in minutes, leaving no sticky residue that can compromise the fit of a precision helmet or block Gore-Tex pores.
Value for Money:
$9.99 works out to roughly 18-20 thorough treatments per bottle—about 50 ¢ per refresh. Considering a professional helmet sanitising service runs $25+ or replacement liners can cost $40, the maths heavily favours a DIY spritz every few rides.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
- Safe on colours, Gore-Tex and EPS foam
- Light citrus scent fades quickly—no perfume headache
- Travel-friendly 100 ml bottle passes airline carry-on rules
– Won’t lift deep stains or ground-in grime (still need light brushing)
– Pump sprayer can drip if held horizontally inside tight full-face helmets
Bottom Line:
For riders who log serious mileage and want a quick, eco-friendly way to keep their lid smelling showroom-fresh, Mountval Helmet Clean & Fresh is an inexpensive no-brainer. Keep a bottle by the front door and you’ll never hesitate to gear up again.
8. Molecule Helmet Cleaner Polish, Premium Helmet Care, Helmets, Visors, and Goggles, For Gloss Finishes, 4 Ounce Bottle
Overview:
Molecule Helmet Cleaner Polish is a 4-ounce, gloss-finish treatment designed to keep racing helmets, visors, and goggles optically clear and showroom-shiny. The single-step spray-and-wipe formula promises to lift track grime, bug splatter, and skin oils without clouding expensive polycarbonate shields or painted carbon shells.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Unlike all-purpose detailers that can haze high-gloss clear coats, Molecule’s blend is pH-balanced and silicone-free, so it won’t craze visors or leave a rainbow film that distorts headlights at night. The fine-mist trigger covers large curved surfaces evenly, cutting wipe time in half during between-session clean-ups.
Value for Money:
At $2.28 per fluid ounce it sits mid-pack among specialty helmet cleaners; a nickel-sized spritz cleans a full-face shield, so one bottle lasts an entire season of sprint races or weekend canyon rides. Considering the cost of a single replacement visor, the spend feels like cheap insurance.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Quick, streak-free finish; safe on pin-lock inserts; light citrus scent instead of harsh solvents.
Weaknesses: Not intended for matte or satin lids—will add unwanted shine; no anti-fog additive, so you’ll still need a separate rain product; 4 oz bottle is too bulky for a leather suit pocket.
Bottom Line:
If you run glossy helmets and hate squinting through smudged shields, Molecule Helmet Cleaner Polish earns permanent space in your track bag. It’s fast, safe, and reasonably priced—just pair it with a microfiber cloth and you’re ready for the next session.
9. Molecule Helmet Polish Kit, Cleaner Polish and Refresh, Premium Helmet Care, Helmets, Visors, and Goggles, for Gloss Finishes, 4 Ounces (1 Kit)
Overview:
The Molecule Helmet Polish Kit is a pocket-sized, 4-ounce armor for your $600 lid. Designed for gloss-finished helmets, visors, and goggles, it promises a one-step swipe that lifts track-day bugs, sweat salts, and that unmistakable “gas-station burrito” aroma without attacking paint or anti-fog coatings.
What Makes It Stand Out:
The star is Molecule’s Pico12 odor-eliminating tech—think Febreze on a molecular level—paired with a polish that leaves a slick, anti-static film so dust doesn’t reattach before the next session. The kit ships with a microfiber cloth sized perfectly for a visor, eliminating the old “t-shirt scratch” risk.
Value for Money:
At $17.99 you’re paying about $4.50 per ounce, cheaper than a single replacement visor pin-lock. One kit lasts an entire 10-race season if you’re not bathing your helmet in it, making it less expensive than the cheapest coffee at the track café.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Safe on polycarbonate visors, leaves zero rainbow swirls, knocks out locker-room funk in under 60 seconds.
Weaknesses: Aerosol-style mist can overshoot onto gloves, and it won’t touch deep scuffs or UV-yellowing—this is a maintenance product, not a miracle.
Bottom Line:
If you ride or race more than once a month, this kit pays for itself the first time you don’t toss a $50 visor because it “looks cloudy.” Keep one in your backpack; your helmet—and anyone drafting behind you—will thank you.
10. oesee 8 Pack Motorcycle Cleaning Kit - Professional Safe for Chrome/Engine/Tires, Hard Reach Brush, Microfiber Mitt, Detailing Tools, Drying Towel & Wax Applicators
Overview:
The oesee 8-Pack Motorcycle Cleaning Kit is a purpose-built, chrome-safe arsenal that promises to clean every contour of your bike—from greasy chain links to mirror-polished exhaust tips—without leaving a single swirl. Packed into a saddlebag-friendly bundle are eight carefully chosen tools: a long-reach “Easy Reach” brush for deep engine fins, a soft washing brush with rubber bumper, two dedicated chain scrubbers, a plush microfiber wash mitt, a 16”×16” waffle drying towel, and two Hex-Logic wax applicators. At $21.99 it positions itself as the budget-conscious rider’s gateway to pro-level detailing.
What Makes It Stand Out:
Zero-swirl engineering is the headline. Every bristle tip is flagged nylon, every plastic edge is over-molded with rubber, and the 1200-gsm split-fiber microfiber carries a scratch-free guarantee. The kit also solves the “awkward reach” problem: the 12” curved handle on the main brush lets you sweep behind exhaust headers without burning knuckles, while the chain-specific brushes snap over links like a cuff for one-handed scrubbing.
Value for Money:
Comparable name-brand brushes alone run $7-$10 each; here you get eight pro-grade tools for under $22—roughly $2.75 per piece. Throw in the 50% time-saving claim (tested on a grime-coated Softail) and the kit pays for itself after two washes by cutting labor and preventing costly paint correction.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Pros: genuinely swirl-free on gloss and matte paints; ergonomic grips reduce fatigue; compact towel stores wet in a zip bag without mildew smell.
Cons: brush heads are solvent-safe but handles feel light under heavy pressure; no storage tote included; drying towel is bike-sized but too small for full-dress tourers in one pass.
Bottom Line:
For weekend riders who want showroom results without showroom invoices, the oesee 8-Pack is the smartest twenty-two bucks you’ll spend this riding season.
Your visor is not a dinner plate. Polycarbonate, anti-fog coatings, and iridium finishes react violently to household glass cleaners or the cuff of your hoodie. A purpose-built kit preserves optical clarity, extends shield life, and—most importantly—prevents micro-scratches that turn night rides into a starburst nightmare.
Understanding Visor Contaminants: Bugs, Benzene, and Beyond
At 70 mph, a single gnat explodes into a protein-packed splatter that bonds to plastic in minutes. Add diesel soot, chain-lube overspray, and UV-baked pollen and you’ve created a composite material no paper towel can defeat. Knowing the enemy helps you choose cleaners that break down organic fats, petroleum residues, and mineral deposits without clouding the lens.
Key Components Every Kit Should Include
Look for a minimum triad: a plastic-safe cleaner, a lifting agent (sometimes the same fluid), and a scratch-free wipe. Bonus points for secondary tools—think soft-bristle brushes for vent edges or individually wrapped wipes for roadside emergencies.
Chemical Safety: pH-Neutral vs. Alcohol-Based Formulas
pH-neutral solutions (<0.5% alcohol) will not craze polycarbonate or strip anti-fog films. Alcohol-heavy aerosols evaporate fast and feel “clean,” but they leach plasticizers over time, leaving the shield brittle and yellow. Flip the bottle: if the first ingredient is IPA (isopropyl alcohol) above 30%, keep shopping.
Microfiber vs. Chamois vs. Disposable Wipes
Microfiber (200–300 gsm, 80/20 polyester-polyamide) scoops debris into its split fibers, reducing scratch risk. Chamois is absorbent but can drag grit like sandpaper. Single-use wipes are convenient on tour, yet their fabric loft varies wildly—some are basically reinforced paper. When in doubt, pack a washable, edge-sealed microfiber cloth.
Anti-Fog & Anti-Scratch Coatings: Compatibility Checklist
Coatings are micron-thin. Ammonia, solvents, or even repeated rubbing can polish them off. Check that the cleaner explicitly states “safe for anti-fog/anti-scratch/iridium” and test on a corner of an old shield first. If the surface turns tacky or rainbow-hued, abort mission.
Portability: From Tank Bag to Tail Trunk
Riders who commute need TSA-friendly 100 ml bottles; tourers want leak-lock aluminum sprayers; track-day folks prefer belt-clip holsters. Weight matters—every gram added to your helmet bag is one less gram of tire pressure you can pack. Seek kits under 250 g total or modular systems where you refill travel bottles from a larger garage jug.
Environmental Factors: UV, Dust, and Hard Water Stains
Parked bikes bake in UV, bonding bugs to shields like epoxy. Dust kicked up by passing trucks imbeds in the plastic, so pre-rinse with a low-pressure water mist before you wipe. Hard-water spots? They’re calcium carbonate crystals; a chelating agent (look for “water-softening” on the label) dissolves them without vinegar fumes.
Step-by-Step Visor Cleaning Workflow
- Shade-cool the shield—heat accelerates chemical evaporation and streaking.
- Flood with water or a quick-detail spray to float grit.
- Pat—never swipe—with a damp microfiber to lift bugs.
- Apply cleaner in horizontal passes, flip cloth, buff vertically.
- Finish with a dry, clean microfiber using light pressure; inspect at an angle for smudges.
- Air-dry fully before closing the visor to prevent fog-trap moisture.
Common Mistakes That Destroy Visors
Using dish detergent (it’s a degreaser—great for pans, terrible for coatings). Paper towels (wood fibers = 1000-grit sandpaper). Compressed air at a gas station (propane additives frost the plastic). And the classic: wiping a dry, dusty shield “just once”—instant holograms.
Storage & Maintenance: Extending Cleaner Shelf Life
Keep bottles out of tank bags that hit 60 °C in summer; heat separates emulsified cleaners into useless layers. Tighten caps after every use—many active ingredients are volatile. Microfiber cloths survive 500+ washes if you skip fabric softener (it clogs fibers) and dry on low heat.
Budget vs. Premium: Where Extra Dollars Go
Entry-level kits repackage bulk window cleaner and a 180 gsm cloth. Premium offerings fund R&D on pH buffers, static-reducing polymers, and laser-cut cloth edges that won’t fray. Mid-range often hits the sweet spot: coating-safe chemistry, 250 gsm cloths, and a reusable spray bottle you can refill for pennies.
Specialty Add-Ons: Pin-Lock Inserts, Sun-Stripes, and Tear-Offs
Cleaner residue trapped under a Pin-Lock film causes edge lift and fog creep. Use alcohol-free foam swabs to trace the bead channel. Tinted sun-strips scratch easily—clean them with vertically folded cloth to avoid dragging grit over the gradient. Racing tear-offs? Clean the base shield first; solvents weaken the micro-tabs.
Traveling Abroad: Airport Security & Climate Considerations
EU airports flag anything labeled “aerosol” in carry-on, even 50 ml bike cleaners. Decant into clear, screw-top bottles and print the SDS (Safety Data Sheet) if questioned. Tropical climates breed mold on damp cloths—seal them in zip-lock bags with a silica pack.
Eco-Friendly Choices: Refill Pouches and Biodegradable Formulas
Look for sugar-derived surfactants and EU ECOLABEL certification. Refill pouches slash plastic waste by 80%. Some brands partner with helmet recyclers—mail back your empties and they’ll reprocess the HDPE. A tiny step that keeps both visors and landfills clear.
Frequently Asked Questions
-
Can I use eyeglass cleaner on my helmet visor?
Only if it’s explicitly alcohol-free and safe for polycarbonate; most lens cleaners contain 5–10% alcohol and will haze anti-fog films over time. -
How often should I deep-clean my visor?
Every 500–800 km or immediately after a bug-storm. Quick wipes are fine daily, but deep cleaning prevents cumulative haze. -
Will vinegar and water work in a pinch?
White vinegar (1:10 dilution) cuts water spots, but its acetic acid can etch iridium coatings. Rinse thoroughly and never let it soak. -
Why does my visor fog right after cleaning?
Residue from cleaner or fabric softener on cloths creates a hydrophilic film. Rewash with pure water and a fresh microfiber, then air-dry. -
Are disposable wipes flushable?
No. They contain synthetic fibers that clog sewage systems. Seal used wipes in a trash bag and dispose responsibly. -
Can I machine-wash microfiber cloths with my riding gear?
Yes, but separate them—Velcro on gloves snags loops and ruins the cloth. Skip bleach and fabric softener; tumble dry low. -
Is a UV-protectant spray worth it?
Only if it’s water-based and specified for polycarbonate. Solvent-based “protectants” often yellow shields faster than sunlight alone. -
How do I remove chain-lube splatter without scratching?
Spray cleaner, let it dwell for 60 s to dissolve petroleum, then lift with a folded microfiber—no scrubbing needed. -
What temperature range can cleaning fluids handle?
Most aqueous cleaners freeze at –3 °C and separate above 50 °C. Store indoors; if frozen, thaw and shake vigorously before use. -
Can I share my kit with tinted shields or Pin-Lock lenses?
Yes, provided the formula is alcohol-free. Clean Pin-Lock inserts separately with a damp cotton swab to avoid edge-seal damage.