10 Top Chemical Guys Sealants

When it comes to preserving that showroom-fresh appearance, modern automotive enthusiasts understand that paint protection has evolved far beyond traditional carnauba wax. Chemical Guys has revolutionized the sealant game, offering sophisticated polymer-based formulations that create durable, hydrophobic barriers against environmental contaminants. Whether you’re a weekend warrior tackling your daily driver or a detailing professional seeking reliable solutions for client vehicles, understanding the nuances of these synthetic protectants can dramatically impact both your results and your efficiency.

The world of paint sealants can feel overwhelming with technical jargon about polymer cross-linking, SiO2 infusion, and flash times. Yet beneath the complexity lies a simple truth: the right sealant acts as your vehicle’s invisible shield, repelling water, resisting UV degradation, and maintaining that coveted wet-look gloss through months of exposure. This comprehensive guide dives deep into what makes chemical guys sealants stand out in a crowded market, exploring the critical features, application methodologies, and performance characteristics that separate exceptional protection from mediocre coatings.

Top 10 Chemical Guys Sealant

Chemical Guys JetSeal Anti-Corrosion Sealant & Paint Protectant - Advanced Car Paint Sealant for Trucks, Motorcycles, SUVs & RVs, Provides Durable Protection & High Gloss Finish, 16 ozChemical Guys JetSeal Anti-Corrosion Sealant & Paint Protectant - Advanced Car Paint Sealant for Trucks, Motorcycles, SUVs & RVs, Provides Durable Protection & High Gloss Finish, 16 ozCheck Price
Chemical Guys Gap_106_16 All-in-One Polish + Shine + Sealant (16 oz)Chemical Guys Gap_106_16 All-in-One Polish + Shine + Sealant (16 oz)Check Price
Chemical Guys WAC_808 Hybrid V7 Optical Select High Gloss Spray Sealant & Quick Detailer (Safe for All Finishes Including Ceramic Coatings), 128 fl oz (1 Gallon), Orange ScentChemical Guys WAC_808 Hybrid V7 Optical Select High Gloss Spray Sealant & Quick Detailer (Safe for All Finishes Including Ceramic Coatings), 128 fl oz (1 Gallon), Orange ScentCheck Price
Chemical Guys HydroSlick Intense Gloss SiO₂ Ceramic Coating HyperWax - High Shine and Long-Lasting Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, RVs, and More - 16 ozChemical Guys HydroSlick Intense Gloss SiO₂ Ceramic Coating HyperWax - High Shine and Long-Lasting Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, RVs, and More - 16 ozCheck Price
Chemical Guys Black Light Hybrid Radiant Finish - Premium Glaze and Sealant for Black and Dark Colored Cars - Enhances Depth, Gloss and Protection on Cars, Trucks, SUVs and More, 16 fl oz BottleChemical Guys Black Light Hybrid Radiant Finish - Premium Glaze and Sealant for Black and Dark Colored Cars - Enhances Depth, Gloss and Protection on Cars, Trucks, SUVs and More, 16 fl oz BottleCheck Price
Chemical Guys C4 & P4 Clear Cut Correction Compound and Precision Paint Perfection Polish Combo - Removes Scratches, Swirls, Towel Marks, and Etching, Restores Gloss - 2 x 16 ozChemical Guys C4 & P4 Clear Cut Correction Compound and Precision Paint Perfection Polish Combo - Removes Scratches, Swirls, Towel Marks, and Etching, Restores Gloss - 2 x 16 ozCheck Price
Chemical Guys HydroSpeed [ceramic quick detailer](/10-top-ceramic-quick-detailers/) - 16 oz Spray-On SiO2 Formula for Hydrophobic Protection, Intense Water Beading, Glossy Finish, and Fast Shine for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs & MoreChemical Guys HydroSpeed Ceramic Quick Detailer - 16 oz Spray-On SiO2 Formula for Hydrophobic Protection, Intense Water Beading, Glossy Finish, and Fast Shine for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs & MoreCheck Price
Chemical Guys Watermelon Snow Foam Car Wash Soap - High-Suds pH-Balanced Shampoo for Foam Cannons or Bucket Washes - Safe on Wax, Sealants & All Finishes - 128 oz (1 Gallon)Chemical Guys Watermelon Snow Foam Car Wash Soap - High-Suds pH-Balanced Shampoo for Foam Cannons or Bucket Washes - Safe on Wax, Sealants & All Finishes - 128 oz (1 Gallon)Check Price
Chemical Guys Wet Mirror Finish High Gloss Glaze - Reflective Shine Enhancer and Paint Glaze for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, and RVs - Safe for Clear Coat, Chrome, and Paintwork, 16 ozChemical Guys Wet Mirror Finish High Gloss Glaze - Reflective Shine Enhancer and Paint Glaze for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, and RVs - Safe for Clear Coat, Chrome, and Paintwork, 16 ozCheck Price
Chemical Guys Spray Wax Blazin' Banana - Carnauba Car Wax Spray for High Gloss Shine and Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs, and More - 16 ozChemical Guys Spray Wax Blazin' Banana - Carnauba Car Wax Spray for High Gloss Shine and Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs, and More - 16 ozCheck Price

Detailed Product Reviews

1. Chemical Guys JetSeal Anti-Corrosion Sealant & Paint Protectant - Advanced Car Paint Sealant for Trucks, Motorcycles, SUVs & RVs, Provides Durable Protection & High Gloss Finish, 16 oz

Chemical Guys JetSeal Anti-Corrosion Sealant & Paint Protectant - Advanced Car Paint Sealant for Trucks, Motorcycles, SUVs & RVs, Provides Durable Protection & High Gloss Finish, 16 oz

Overview: Chemical Guys JetSeal is a synthetic polymer sealant engineered to provide long-lasting protection against environmental contaminants while delivering a high-gloss finish. This 16-ounce formula creates a durable shield on paint, glass, and metal surfaces, making it ideal for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and RVs. Designed for enthusiasts seeking professional-grade results, JetSeal bonds to surfaces for months of protection between washes, resisting water spots, road grime, and fallout. Its anti-corrosion properties make it particularly valuable for vehicles exposed to harsh weather and road salt.

What Makes It Stand Out: JetSeal’s anti-corrosion technology sets it apart from standard sealants, actively protecting against oxidation and rust formation on metal surfaces. The synthetic formula creates a hydrophobic barrier that repels water and contaminants while enhancing paint depth and clarity. Unlike traditional carnauba waxes that last weeks, JetSeal provides months of durable protection. Its versatility across multiple surfaces—including paint, glass, and metal—means you can protect your entire vehicle with one product. The formula spreads effortlessly by hand or machine, making it accessible for beginners while delivering results that satisfy professional detailers.

Value for Money: At $39.99 for 16 ounces, JetSeal positions itself as a premium synthetic sealant. While pricier than basic waxes, its multi-month durability and anti-corrosion properties justify the cost. A single bottle treats multiple vehicles, and the extended protection intervals reduce frequency of application, saving time and product. Compared to ceramic coatings costing hundreds, JetSeal offers comparable longevity at a fraction of the price. For vehicle owners in harsh climates, the corrosion prevention alone makes this a worthwhile investment.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths:

  • Multi-month durability exceeding traditional waxes
  • Anti-corrosion technology protects metal surfaces
  • Versatile application on paint, glass, and metal
  • High-gloss finish enhances paint depth
  • Easy hand or machine application

Weaknesses:

  • Requires proper surface preparation for optimal bonding
  • Initial cure time needs 20-30 minutes before buffing
  • Not as hydrophobic as true ceramic coatings
  • May need reapplication after 3-4 months in severe conditions

Bottom Line: JetSeal is an excellent choice for vehicle owners seeking durable, long-lasting protection with professional-grade gloss. Its anti-corrosion properties and multi-surface versatility make it particularly valuable for daily drivers and vehicles in harsh environments. While it requires careful application, the results and longevity justify the investment.


2. Chemical Guys Gap_106_16 All-in-One Polish + Shine + Sealant (16 oz)

Chemical Guys Gap_106_16 All-in-One Polish + Shine + Sealant (16 oz)

Overview: This multi-functional product combines polishing, shining, and sealing capabilities in a single 16-ounce bottle, streamlining the detailing process for time-conscious enthusiasts. The silicone-free formula ensures authentic results that persist through multiple washes without creating masking effects. Designed to remove light scratches, swirl marks, and surface imperfections, it prepares paint for optimal sealant bonding while simultaneously delivering a glossy, protected finish. Body shop safe and effective on all paint types, this all-in-one solution is ideal for those seeking efficient, true-results detailing.

What Makes It Stand Out: The silicone-free composition is the defining feature, eliminating the artificial fillers that temporarily hide defects but wash away quickly. This honesty in performance means the polish genuinely corrects minor imperfections rather than concealing them. Its triple-action formula dramatically reduces detailing time by combining three steps into one, making it perfect for maintenance details or quick paint refreshment. The product works exceptionally well as a final step after wet sanding, restoring showroom shine while laying down a protective barrier. For enthusiasts who value authenticity over illusion, this formula delivers measurable, lasting improvement.

Value for Money: Priced at $21.99 ($1.37 per ounce), this all-in-one represents exceptional value for budget-conscious detailers. Competing products often require separate purchases of polish and sealant, easily exceeding $50 combined. The 16-ounce bottle provides enough product for several vehicles, and its time-saving properties translate to labor savings. While dedicated compounds and sealants may outperform it individually, the convenience and cost-effectiveness make it an unbeatable value for routine maintenance and light correction work.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths:

  • Silicone-free formula provides genuine, lasting results
  • Three-in-one functionality saves time and money
  • Effectively removes light scratches and swirl marks
  • Body shop safe for professional environments
  • Excellent for post-wet sanding finishing

Weaknesses:

  • Not suitable for heavy defect removal
  • Protection duration shorter than dedicated sealants
  • May leave light hazing on soft paints if overworked
  • Limited cutting power for deeper scratches

Bottom Line: This all-in-one polish is a smart investment for enthusiasts seeking efficient, authentic results without breaking the bank. It excels at light correction and protection in one step, though serious defect removal requires dedicated compounds. For routine maintenance and time-saving convenience, it’s hard to beat.


3. Chemical Guys WAC_808 Hybrid V7 Optical Select High Gloss Spray Sealant & Quick Detailer (Safe for All Finishes Including Ceramic Coatings), 128 fl oz (1 Gallon), Orange Scent

Chemical Guys WAC_808 Hybrid V7 Optical Select High Gloss Spray Sealant & Quick Detailer (Safe for All Finishes Including Ceramic Coatings), 128 fl oz (1 Gallon), Orange Scent

Overview: Hybrid V7 revolutionizes quick detailing by merging spray sealant technology with nano-engineered polymers that bond to surfaces, creating durable protection and stunning optical clarity. This 128-ounce gallon size provides exceptional value for frequent users, delivering streak-free cleaning and high-gloss finishing in one convenient spray. Safe for all finishes including ceramic coatings, it removes fingerprints, dust, and light contamination while reinforcing existing protection. The orange scent and easy spray-and-wipe application make it ideal for maintenance between full details.

What Makes It Stand Out: As the first hybrid detailing spray, V7 pioneered the category of protective quick detailers. Its nano-spec engineering allows polymers to penetrate and bond at a molecular level, creating a durable shield that lasts weeks rather than days. The formula is specifically designed to maintain and enhance ceramic coatings, filling a crucial gap in coating maintenance products. The gallon size eliminates frequent reordering for professional detailers or obsessive enthusiasts. Its ability to safely remove bird droppings and brake dust without scratching makes it an indispensable tool for daily paint preservation.

Value for Money: At $64.99 for a full gallon ($0.51 per ounce), this represents tremendous value compared to 16-ounce spray detailers costing $15-20. The bulk sizing reduces cost per use by over 60%, making it economical for regular application. For ceramic coating owners, it extends the life of their expensive investment, potentially saving hundreds in reapplication costs. Professional detailers can refill spray bottles dozens of times from one gallon, dramatically reducing overhead. The convenience factor alone justifies the price for anyone who details weekly.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths:

  • Gallon size provides exceptional cost savings
  • Safe and beneficial for ceramic coatings
  • Nano-polymer technology offers real protection
  • Versatile use on paint, glass, and trim
  • Streak-free performance on all colors

Weaknesses:

  • Large size may be excessive for casual users
  • Spray application provides shorter protection than paste sealants
  • Scent may be strong for sensitive users
  • Not a substitute for proper washing

Bottom Line: Hybrid V7 is a must-have for serious enthusiasts and professionals who detail frequently. The gallon size offers unbeatable value, and its ceramic-coating-safe formula makes it essential for maintaining expensive protective layers. Casual users should consider smaller sizes, but heavy users will save significantly.


4. Chemical Guys HydroSlick Intense Gloss SiO₂ Ceramic Coating HyperWax - High Shine and Long-Lasting Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, RVs, and More - 16 oz

Chemical Guys HydroSlick Intense Gloss SiO₂ Ceramic Coating HyperWax - High Shine and Long-Lasting Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, RVs, and More - 16 oz

Overview: HydroSlick bridges the gap between traditional wax and professional ceramic coatings by infusing SiO₂ ceramic technology into an easy-to-apply paste formula. This 16-ounce hyperwax delivers genuine ceramic protection with the familiar application of carnauba wax, creating intense gloss and hydrophobic water beading that lasts months. Safe for all exterior surfaces including paint, glass, chrome, and wheels, it provides long-lasting slickness that repels dirt and water. The formula cures to a mirror-like finish without the complex application process of professional coatings.

What Makes It Stand Out: HydroSlick’s hybrid approach democratizes ceramic protection, offering SiO₂ technology without requiring specialized equipment or professional installation. The formula bonds to surfaces at a molecular level, creating a slick, self-cleaning effect that makes washing easier and less frequent. Unlike traditional waxes that melt in heat, the ceramic component withstands high temperatures and detergents, maintaining protection through summer months and multiple washes. Its versatility across all exterior surfaces means one product protects your entire vehicle, including wheels and glass, simplifying the detailing arsenal.

Value for Money: At $39.99 for 16 ounces, HydroSlick competes directly with premium synthetic sealants while offering superior hydrophobic performance. True ceramic coatings cost $500-2000 professionally installed, making this a budget-friendly alternative that delivers 70-80% of the benefits. The product spreads thin, treating multiple vehicles per jar, and its durability reduces the need for quarterly applications. For enthusiasts wanting ceramic benefits without professional costs, this represents exceptional value.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths:

  • Genuine SiO₂ ceramic technology in easy wax form
  • Exceptional hydrophobic water beading
  • Multi-surface safe including wheels and glass
  • Heat-resistant protection lasts 3-6 months
  • No professional installation required

Weaknesses:

  • Requires proper curing time (30-60 minutes)
  • Not as durable as professional 9H coatings
  • Application requires clean, contaminant-free surface
  • May need reapplication after harsh winter exposure

Bottom Line: HydroSlick is the perfect stepping stone into ceramic protection for DIY enthusiasts. It delivers impressive hydrophobic performance and gloss with minimal learning curve. While not replacing professional coatings, it offers outstanding protection and value for those willing to apply it correctly.


5. Chemical Guys Black Light Hybrid Radiant Finish - Premium Glaze and Sealant for Black and Dark Colored Cars - Enhances Depth, Gloss and Protection on Cars, Trucks, SUVs and More, 16 fl oz Bottle

Chemical Guys Black Light Hybrid Radiant Finish - Premium Glaze and Sealant for Black and Dark Colored Cars - Enhances Depth, Gloss and Protection on Cars, Trucks, SUVs and More, 16 fl oz Bottle

Overview: Specifically formulated for black and dark-colored vehicles, Black Light combines glaze and sealant technology to create a radiant, wet-look finish that accentuates paint depth and metallic flake. This 16-ounce hybrid product fills minor imperfections and light swirls while delivering a mirror-like shine that makes dark paint pop under any lighting. The advanced micro-polish formula smooths the surface optically, creating a flawless appearance that enhances the natural characteristics of dark pigments. Safe for all glossy finishes including wraps and ceramic coatings, it’s tailored for enthusiasts passionate about their dark-colored rides.

What Makes It Stand Out: Black Light’s specialized formulation addresses the unique challenges of dark paint, where every imperfection is magnified. The glaze component optically fills swirl marks rather than just hiding them, creating a smoother light reflection that produces that coveted deep, wet appearance. Unlike generic sealants, it contains pigments and enhancers that specifically boost the richness of black, blue, and red paints. The hybrid nature means you get filling, gloss enhancement, and protection in one step, saving time while achieving results that typically require multiple products. It’s particularly effective on single-stage paints common on classic cars.

Value for Money: At $29.99 ($1.87 per ounce), Black Light offers targeted value for dark car owners who struggle with visible imperfections. Generic sealants may cost slightly less but fail to address the specific needs of dark paint, often leaving a hazy or muted finish. The product’s ability to fill minor defects reduces the need for expensive paint correction, potentially saving hundreds in professional polishing. For enthusiasts with black or dark vehicles, the specialized formulation delivers results that justify every penny, making it a niche product worth the premium.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths:

  • Specifically engineered for dark paint challenges
  • Glaze formula optically fills swirls and scratches
  • Enhances metallic flake and paint depth
  • Works on ceramic coatings and wraps
  • Easy application with minimal streaking

Weaknesses:

  • Limited to dark colors; ineffective on light paint
  • Filling effects are temporary (2-3 months)
  • Not a substitute for proper paint correction
  • May mask defects that need permanent fixing

Bottom Line: Black Light is essential for black and dark car owners seeking that show-winning wet look. It expertly masks imperfections while boosting gloss and depth, though it’s a cosmetic solution rather than permanent correction. For maintaining dark paint’s appearance between details, it’s unmatched in its category.


6. Chemical Guys C4 & P4 Clear Cut Correction Compound and Precision Paint Perfection Polish Combo - Removes Scratches, Swirls, Towel Marks, and Etching, Restores Gloss - 2 x 16 oz

Chemical Guys C4 & P4 Clear Cut Correction Compound and Precision Paint Perfection Polish Combo - Removes Scratches, Swirls, Towel Marks, and Etching, Restores Gloss - 2 x 16 oz

Overview: This two-step paint correction system from Chemical Guys pairs the aggressive C4 Clear Cut Compound with the refining P4 Precision Polish, offering enthusiasts a complete solution for restoring neglected paintwork. The 16-ounce bottles provide enough product for multiple vehicle corrections, making it suitable for both occasional users and regular detailers. Designed to tackle everything from minor swirls to deeper scratches, this combo promises professional-level results without requiring a body shop visit.

What Makes It Stand Out: The kit’s primary strength lies in its complementary pairing—C4 rapidly eliminates defects while P4 creates a mirror-like finish, eliminating guesswork about product compatibility. The formulation works across all paint types, including modern clear coats and classic single-stage finishes, and adapts to multiple application methods: dual action polisher, rotary, or even hand application. This versatility democratizes paint correction, allowing garage detailers to achieve results previously reserved for seasoned professionals with expensive equipment.

Value for Money: At $37.99 for two professional-grade 16-ounce bottles, this combo undercuts purchasing products separately while delivering performance rivaling premium brands costing twice as much. Considering a professional paint correction service can run $500-$2,000, this kit pays for itself after one full vehicle treatment. The concentrated formulas require minimal product per panel, extending the kit’s lifespan across several detailing sessions.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: Highly effective defect removal; user-friendly for various skill levels; versatile application methods; substantial quantity for multiple uses; professional-grade results. Cons: C4 compound can be overly aggressive for beginners, risking paint removal if misused; requires proper pad selection and technique; no included instructions for optimal pad pairing; may produce dust if overworked.

Bottom Line: For serious car enthusiasts ready to tackle paint correction, this combo delivers exceptional results and value. Beginners should invest time in learning proper technique, but the performance justifies the effort.


7. Chemical Guys HydroSpeed Ceramic Quick Detailer - 16 oz Spray-On SiO2 Formula for Hydrophobic Protection, Intense Water Beading, Glossy Finish, and Fast Shine for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs & More

Chemical Guys HydroSpeed Ceramic Quick Detailer - 16 oz Spray-On SiO2 Formula for Hydrophobic Protection, Intense Water Beading, Glossy Finish, and Fast Shine for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs & More

Overview: HydroSpeed Ceramic Quick Detailer offers a convenient spray-and-wipe solution for adding ceramic-grade protection and gloss between full washes. The 16-ounce bottle employs SiO2 technology to bond with surfaces, creating a hydrophobic layer that repels water and contaminants. Suitable for paint, glass, wheels, and trim, it serves as a versatile maintenance product for vehicle owners seeking quick enhancement without the commitment of a full ceramic coating.

What Makes It Stand Out: The spray-on SiO2 formulation delivers genuine ceramic protection in minutes rather than hours, making it accessible for time-pressed users. Its multi-surface compatibility eliminates the need for separate products, streamlining your detailing arsenal. The intense water beading effect rivals some entry-level ceramic coatings, while the glossy finish enhances paint depth noticeably. The fast application process—spray, wipe, buff—fits seamlessly into regular maintenance routines without requiring special equipment or curing time.

Value for Money: Priced at $24.97 for 16 ounces, HydroSpeed positions itself as a mid-range quick detailer that outperforms traditional spray waxes. While more expensive than basic detailers, it costs significantly less than professional ceramic coatings or even DIY coating kits. The concentration means 2-3 sprays per panel suffice, providing 15-20 applications per bottle. For those maintaining ceramic-coated vehicles, it extends existing protection, maximizing prior investments.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: Excellent water beading and sheeting; versatile multi-surface use; rapid application; enhances gloss noticeably; safe on existing coatings. Cons: Durability falls short of true ceramic coatings (typically 2-4 weeks); requires clean surface for proper bonding; not a substitute for paint correction; may leave streaks if over-applied in hot conditions.

Bottom Line: An outstanding maintenance product for ceramic-coated or daily-driven vehicles. Use it weekly to maintain protection and gloss, but understand its limitations as a quick detailer rather than permanent coating solution.


8. Chemical Guys Watermelon Snow Foam Car Wash Soap - High-Suds pH-Balanced Shampoo for Foam Cannons or Bucket Washes - Safe on Wax, Sealants & All Finishes - 128 oz (1 Gallon)

Chemical Guys Watermelon Snow Foam Car Wash Soap - High-Suds pH-Balanced Shampoo for Foam Cannons or Bucket Washes - Safe on Wax, Sealants & All Finishes - 128 oz (1 Gallon)

Overview: This gallon-sized snow foam soap delivers professional-grade cleaning power with a playful watermelon scent. The pH-balanced formula generates thick, clinging suds that encapsulate dirt particles, minimizing wash-induced swirls. Compatible with foam cannons, foam guns, or traditional bucket methods, it suits both hobbyist detailers and high-volume professional operations. The 128-ounce jug ensures extended use across multiple vehicles while remaining gentle on existing waxes, sealants, and ceramic coatings.

What Makes It Stand Out: The exceptional sudsing capability creates a dense foam blanket that dwells longer on surfaces, breaking down grime effectively. Its pH-neutral chemistry preserves protective layers, solving a common pain point with aggressive shampoos. The gallon size offers unprecedented convenience for frequent washers or those maintaining fleets, reducing reordering frequency. The distinctive watermelon fragrance transforms a chore into an enjoyable sensory experience without compromising cleaning performance, making it memorable among countless unscented competitors.

Value for Money: At $34.98 ($0.27 per ounce), this gallon represents outstanding value compared to 16-ounce bottles costing $10-$15. A single ounce typically creates ample foam for a standard sedan, yielding approximately 128 washes. Professional detailers washing 5-10 cars weekly will appreciate the bulk pricing, while enthusiasts benefit from the long shelf life and reduced per-wash cost. The formula’s concentration means less product achieves superior results versus diluted competitors.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: Massive quantity at low per-use cost; pH-safe formula preserves protection; exceptional foam generation; versatile application methods; pleasant scent. Cons: Gallon size may be excessive for casual users; strong fragrance might overwhelm scent-sensitive individuals; requires careful measuring to avoid waste; jug design can be cumbersome to pour precisely.

Bottom Line: Perfect for frequent washers, professional detailers, or multi-vehicle households. The value, performance, and fun factor make it a top-tier choice, though casual users should consider smaller sizes first.


9. Chemical Guys Wet Mirror Finish High Gloss Glaze - Reflective Shine Enhancer and Paint Glaze for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, and RVs - Safe for Clear Coat, Chrome, and Paintwork, 16 oz

Chemical Guys Wet Mirror Finish High Gloss Glaze - Reflective Shine Enhancer and Paint Glaze for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Motorcycles, and RVs - Safe for Clear Coat, Chrome, and Paintwork, 16 oz

Overview: Wet Mirror Finish is a specialty glaze engineered to maximize paint reflectivity and depth before applying protective layers. This 16-ounce bottle contains gloss-boosting polymers that fill minor imperfections and create an ultra-smooth surface, resulting in a striking wet-look shine. Safe across all exterior surfaces including clear coat, chrome, and polished metals, it serves as a crucial intermediate step for show-car preparation. The formulation works by hand or machine, accommodating various skill levels and equipment availability.

What Makes It Stand Out: Unlike all-in-one products, this dedicated glaze focuses exclusively on visual enhancement, delivering a depth of shine that surpasses most waxes alone. The polymer technology creates a slick, mirror-like surface that dramatically intensifies color vibrancy and clarity. Its ability to prep surfaces for sealants or waxes is particularly valuable—by creating a flawless base, it improves protection bonding and longevity. The versatile compatibility means one product enhances entire vehicles, from paint to chrome trim, simplifying the detailing process while elevating final results.

Value for Money: At $21.99 for 16 ounces, Wet Mirror Finish occupies a reasonable price point for a specialized glaze. While more expensive than basic waxes, its unique filling properties and gloss enhancement justify the cost for enthusiasts seeking show-quality results. A little product spreads widely, providing 8-12 applications per bottle. For competitive show cars or photography vehicles, the visual improvement offers significant return on investment compared to pricier professional treatments.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: Exceptional gloss and depth enhancement; fills light swirls temporarily; easy hand or machine application; versatile surface compatibility; improves protection layer adhesion. Cons: Provides zero protection on its own; effects wash away within weeks; requires follow-up with wax or sealant; not a substitute for proper paint correction; may mask defects rather than remove them.

Bottom Line: Ideal for enthusiasts pursuing concours-level aesthetics or preparing for car shows. Use it as a finishing touch after correction but before protection for maximum visual impact. Not essential for daily drivers prioritizing durability over appearance.


10. Chemical Guys Spray Wax Blazin’ Banana - Carnauba Car Wax Spray for High Gloss Shine and Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs, and More - 16 oz

Chemical Guys Spray Wax Blazin' Banana - Carnauba Car Wax Spray for High Gloss Shine and Protection, Safe for Cars, Trucks, SUVs, RVs, and More - 16 oz

Overview: Blazin’ Banana Spray Wax delivers carnauba-based protection and gloss through an ultra-convenient spray format. This 16-ounce bottle combines natural wax shine with modern polymer technology for quick application and decent durability. Designed for maintenance between full wax sessions, it works on all exterior surfaces including clear coat, gel coat, and metallic finishes. The tropical banana scent adds a unique sensory element while the streak-free formula ensures clean results even for novices.

What Makes It Stand Out: The spray wax format eliminates the tedious application and curing of traditional paste waxes, delivering results in minutes rather than hours. Infused with genuine carnauba, it provides authentic warmth and depth rather than the artificial shine of some synthetics. The banana fragrance distinguishes it from generic spray waxes, making the application process more enjoyable. Its compatibility with diverse surfaces—from cars to boats—maximizes utility for owners of multiple vehicle types, while the hydrophobic barrier effectively repels water and light contaminants.

Value for Money: At $14.97, this represents one of the most affordable entry points into carnauba protection. Traditional carnauba pastes cost $20-$40 and require more effort, while competing spray waxes often lack real carnauba content. The 16-ounce bottle provides 10-15 applications depending on vehicle size, making the per-use cost approximately $1-$1.50. For maintaining a just-waxed look between quarterly applications, it extends the value of more expensive base layers while keeping vehicles looking fresh weekly.

Strengths and Weaknesses: Pros: Extremely fast and easy application; genuine carnauba shine; affordable price point; pleasant banana scent; safe on all finishes; no curing time required. Cons: Limited durability (typically 2-3 weeks); less protection than paste waxes or sealants; requires clean, dry surface; may need frequent reapplication in harsh climates; scent could be polarizing.

Bottom Line: Excellent for quick touch-ups and maintaining gloss between major wax applications. Perfect for beginners or time-pressed owners wanting carnauba benefits without the hassle. Pair with a durable base layer for optimal protection and convenience.


Understanding Automotive Sealants: Beyond the Basics

Automotive sealants represent the sweet spot between traditional waxes and modern ceramic coatings. These synthetic polymer formulations create a molecular bond with your vehicle’s clear coat, forming a protective layer that typically lasts 4-6 months under normal driving conditions. Unlike natural waxes that sit atop the surface, quality sealants partially integrate with the paint structure, creating a more resilient barrier against road salts, industrial fallout, bird droppings, and acid rain.

Chemical Guys has engineered their sealant lineup to address specific pain points that plague vehicle owners. The core chemistry relies on polymer technology that cross-links upon curing, creating a flexible yet durable matrix. This molecular architecture explains why sealants outperform waxes in longevity while remaining more forgiving than ceramics during application. The key lies in understanding that sealants don’t just add shine—they actively repel contaminants before they can etch into your clear coat.

The Chemical Guys Philosophy on Paint Protection

What distinguishes Chemical Guys from competitors isn’t just their product formulations, but their holistic approach to vehicle care. Their sealant development philosophy centers on user experience without compromising professional-grade results. This means creating products that cure reliably across various climate conditions, apply smoothly whether by hand or machine, and provide visual feedback during the process so users know exactly when removal is optimal.

Their research and development process involves extensive real-world testing in diverse environments—from the scorching Arizona sun to humid Florida coastlines and salt-laden Northeast winters. This geographic diversity ensures their sealants perform consistently regardless of where you live. The brand also emphasizes versatility, with many formulations designed to work synergistically with their complementary products, allowing enthusiasts to build customized protection systems tailored to their specific needs and environmental challenges.

Key Performance Metrics to Evaluate

Durability Under Real-World Conditions

When assessing any sealant’s durability claims, look beyond the marketed timeframes and examine the underlying chemistry. Premium sealants from Chemical Guys typically incorporate UV inhibitors that prevent polymer degradation, maintaining protective properties even after the initial gloss begins to diminish. Consider your driving patterns—daily highway commuters face different contamination challenges than garage-kept weekend cars. The best sealants maintain their hydrophobic properties through at least 15-20 maintenance washes, with water beading remaining tight and consistent.

Hydrophobic Behavior and Water Spotting

Not all water beading is created equal. Superior sealants produce tall, tight beads that roll off at low angles, carrying away light dust and preventing mineral deposits from forming. Examine how the product behaves during the first rainfall after application. Quality formulations cause water to sheet off horizontal panels, reducing the likelihood of water spots in areas with hard water. This characteristic becomes particularly crucial for vehicles regularly exposed to sprinklers or coastal mist.

Gloss Enhancement and Depth

Modern sealants do more than protect—they actively enhance paint clarity. Look for formulations that contain optical clarifiers which fill micro-marring and create a more level surface for light reflection. The result is a noticeable increase in color depth, especially on metallic and pearl finishes. Professional detailers often describe this as “liquid-like” reflection, where the paint appears to have dimension rather than just shine. This effect stems from the sealant’s refractive index and how it interacts with your specific clear coat formulation.

Decoding Sealant Formulations

Acrylic Polymer Base Technology

The foundation of most Chemical Guys sealants lies in acrylic polymer chemistry. These synthetic resins create a durable film that remains flexible enough to withstand temperature fluctuations without cracking or peeling. The polymer chains form a three-dimensional network as solvents evaporate, a process known as cross-linking. This molecular structure provides the backbone for protection, offering resistance to detergents, environmental pollutants, and mechanical abrasion from washing.

SiO2-Infused Hybrid Options

Some advanced formulations incorporate silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles suspended within the polymer matrix. These ceramic-infused sealants bridge the gap between pure polymer sealants and full ceramic coatings, offering extended durability—often 8-12 months—with enhanced chemical resistance. The SiO2 content creates additional hardness and water-repelling properties, though application requires more attention to ambient conditions and flash times. These hybrids represent an excellent middle ground for enthusiasts wanting ceramic-like performance without the permanent commitment or professional installation costs.

Solvent-Based vs. Water-Based Carriers

The carrier system significantly impacts application characteristics and curing behavior. Solvent-based sealants typically offer longer working times and can be more forgiving during removal, but require adequate ventilation during application. Water-based formulations have gained popularity for their reduced VOC content and easier cleanup, though they may demand more precise timing during the buff-off stage. Understanding which carrier type you’re working with helps set proper expectations for cure time and environmental requirements.

Application Methodology: Hand vs. Machine

Hand Application Techniques for Optimal Results

Applying sealant by hand remains the most accessible method for DIY enthusiasts, but technique dramatically affects final appearance. Use a premium foam applicator with a dense cell structure to prevent product absorption and ensure even distribution. Work in small sections—roughly 2x2 feet—and apply using overlapping cross-hatch patterns with minimal pressure. The goal is creating a thin, uniform film; excess product doesn’t increase protection and only complicates removal. Temperature plays a crucial role—ideal conditions range from 60-75°F with low humidity, allowing proper flash time without premature drying.

Machine Application for Efficiency

For those with dual-action polishers, machine application offers superior consistency and reduced fatigue. A finishing pad with minimal cut distributes sealant more uniformly than hand application ever could. Set your polisher to low speed (speed 3-4 on most dual-action machines) and use minimal product—three to four pea-sized drops per panel. The machine’s oscillating action works the sealant into the surface more effectively, potentially improving bonding. This method shines when treating large vehicles or multiple cars, cutting application time by 50% while enhancing results.

Flash Time and Removal Timing

Perhaps the most critical aspect of sealant application is recognizing proper flash time. As solvents evaporate, the film transforms from wet and oily to slightly hazy with a tacky feel. This transition indicates the sealant is ready for removal—typically 5-15 minutes depending on temperature and humidity. Removing too early smears product unevenly, while waiting too long makes buffing difficult and can leave residue. Chemical Guys formulations often include visual cues, such as a slight rainbow effect or haze, signaling optimal removal timing.

Surface Preparation: The Non-Negotiable Foundation

Decontamination Protocols

No sealant can compensate for improper surface prep. Begin with a thorough wash using a pH-neutral shampoo, followed by chemical decontamination with an iron remover to dissolve embedded brake dust and rail particles. A clay bar treatment or synthetic clay mitt then mechanically removes bonded contaminants like tree sap and overspray. This two-step decontamination process ensures the sealant bonds directly to clean clear coat rather than trapping pollutants beneath the protective layer. Skipping this stage is the primary reason sealants fail prematurely or exhibit uneven wear patterns.

Paint Correction Considerations

While sealants can mask extremely minor defects, they won’t hide swirl marks or scratches. For optimal results, perform paint correction before sealing. A single-stage polish with a light cutting pad and finishing polish removes most wash-induced marring, creating a flawless canvas. The sealant then locks in this corrected finish, making future washes safer by reducing friction. Remember, sealants enhance what’s underneath—applying them to imperfect paint magnifies flaws rather than concealing them. The combination of correction followed by sealant application yields that concours-level appearance enthusiasts crave.

Climate-Specific Selection Strategies

Hot and Humid Environments

In southern climates where temperatures regularly exceed 85°F with high humidity, sealant selection becomes critical. Look for formulations specifically designed to resist water spotting and UV degradation. These products typically cure faster and contain additives that prevent mineral deposits from bonding. Application timing is crucial—work during cooler morning hours and avoid direct sunlight. The increased moisture in the air can extend flash times, so test a small inconspicuous area first to gauge removal timing. In these conditions, sealants with higher solids content often perform better, as they’re less likely to evaporate before proper bonding occurs.

Cold Weather Challenges

Applying sealants in temperatures below 55°F presents unique difficulties. Curing slows dramatically, and some formulations may not fully cross-link, leading to reduced durability. If you must apply in cooler conditions, choose sealants marketed for all-season use and consider using a garage with supplemental heating. Extend cure times between coats and before exposing the vehicle to moisture. Some enthusiasts use infrared heat lamps to accelerate curing on individual panels, though this requires careful temperature monitoring to avoid overheating paint. The payoff is worth the effort—winter road salt and grime make protection essential.

Coastal and Marine Applications

Vehicles in coastal regions face relentless salt spray and intense UV exposure. Here, sealants with enhanced chemical resistance and salt-repelling properties prove invaluable. The hydrophobic characteristics must be aggressive enough to prevent salt crystals from adhering and causing etching. Consider more frequent application cycles—every 3-4 months rather than the standard 6—to maintain optimal protection. Rinsing with fresh water after beach exposure becomes even more critical, as even the best sealant has limits to how much salt buildup it can repel before becoming compromised.

Visual Characteristics: What to Expect

Initial Cure Appearance

Immediately after application, a quality sealant should impart a noticeable improvement in gloss and surface slickness. The paint should feel smooth to the touch, with a reduced coefficient of friction that makes subsequent washes easier. Color depth enhancement is often most dramatic on darker paints, where the sealant’s optical properties create a “wet” appearance. Don’t judge final appearance immediately—most sealants continue to cure and harden over 24-48 hours, with gloss levels increasing as full cross-linking completes.

Long-Term Performance Indicators

As weeks turn into months, monitor how your sealant performs. Consistent water beading after multiple washes indicates the polymer matrix remains intact. Gloss may gradually diminish, but the protective properties often persist longer than the visual cues suggest. A simple test: after washing, observe how water behaves on horizontal surfaces. If beading remains tight and uniform, your sealant is still active even if the “just sealed” look has faded. This is when many enthusiasts apply a maintenance booster or spray sealant to rejuvenate appearance without stripping the underlying protection.

Maintenance and Longevity Optimization

Proper Washing Techniques

Maintaining a sealed vehicle requires adjusting your wash routine. Use pH-neutral shampoos specifically formulated for coated or sealed surfaces—these contain no harsh detergents that attack polymer bonds. The two-bucket method with grit guards becomes even more critical, as maintaining the sealant’s integrity depends on avoiding swirl-inducing contamination. Wash in straight lines rather than circles, and use high-quality microfiber wash mitts. Pressure washers are fine when kept at safe distances (12+ inches), but avoid pointing directly at panel edges where sealant may be thinner.

Drying Without Compromising Protection

The drying process presents the biggest risk to sealant longevity. Traditional chamois can drag contaminants across the surface, creating micro-marring. Instead, use a forced-air dryer or plush microfiber towels with a pat-drying technique. If using towels, apply a quick detailer or drying aid with each pass to add lubrication and reinforce the sealant layer. This step not only prevents scratches but also deposits additional polymers that extend protection. Never let water air-dry on a sealed surface, as mineral deposits can still form and etch the underlying sealant.

Booster Products and Maintenance Sprays

Chemical Guys offers maintenance sprays designed to rejuvenate sealants between full applications. These products typically contain similar polymer chemistry in a sprayable form, depositing a thin reinforcing layer during routine washes. Apply after washing while the car is still wet, then dry as normal. This monthly maintenance can extend sealant life by 30-50% and maintain that just-detailed appearance. Think of it as feeding your protection rather than replacing it—a cost-effective strategy for perfectionists seeking continuous optimal appearance.

Common Application Pitfalls

Product Layering Mistakes

One of the most frequent errors is applying sealant too thickly or layering multiple coats too quickly. Unlike wax, where additional coats might add depth, sealants work best as thin, properly cured layers. Applying a second coat before the first fully cures can actually weaken the overall structure, creating a soft, easily removed film. Wait at least 2-4 hours between coats, or ideally overnight. A single properly applied coat outperforms three rushed layers every time.

Contamination During Curing

The curing window—typically 24 hours after application—is when your sealant is most vulnerable. Avoid driving if possible, and definitely don’t expose the vehicle to rain, dew, or sprinklers. Even light moisture can disrupt the cross-linking process, creating weak spots in the polymer matrix. If you must move the car, use a clean microfiber to wipe down any condensation that forms, and consider garage storage for the first night. This patience pays dividends in extended durability and consistent performance.

Incompatible Product Combinations

Mixing chemical families can lead to unexpected results. Applying a silicone-based sealant over a wax containing petroleum distillates often causes bonding issues and premature failure. Similarly, using certain quick detailers containing harsh solvents can degrade your sealant over time. Stick within product families designed to work together, or thoroughly research chemical compatibility. When in doubt, perform a small test spot on an inconspicuous area and observe for 24 hours before committing to the entire vehicle.

Sealants vs. Alternative Protection Methods

The Wax Comparison

Traditional carnauba waxes offer unparalleled warmth and depth on certain paint colors, particularly dark metallics. However, they typically last 4-8 weeks versus 4-6 months for sealants. Waxes excel at filling minor imperfections, creating a smooth appearance even on slightly neglected paint. The trade-off is constant reapplication and inferior protection against environmental contaminants. For daily drivers facing harsh conditions, sealants provide superior practicality, while show cars might benefit from wax’s aesthetic qualities. Many enthusiasts now use sealants as the protective foundation with a wax topcoat for special occasions, combining durability with visual drama.

Ceramic Coating Considerations

Professional-grade ceramic coatings offer 2-5 years of protection with extreme hardness and chemical resistance. However, they demand meticulous surface preparation, controlled application environments, and represent a significant cost investment. Sealants provide 70-80% of ceramic performance at a fraction of the price and complexity. They’re also repairable—if you notice a high-impact area wearing thin, simply reapply to that section. Ceramics require professional intervention for repairs. For leased vehicles, budget-conscious owners, or those who enjoy regularly changing their protection, sealants offer the ideal balance of performance and practicality.

Spray Sealants and Quick Detailers

The market now features sprayable sealants that claim similar durability to traditional paste or liquid formulations. While convenient, these products typically contain lower solids content and may not bond as tenaciously. They excel as maintenance toppers or for vehicles in pristine condition needing quick protection. For maximum durability on daily drivers exposed to harsh elements, traditional liquid sealants remain superior. Think of spray sealants as the protein shake of paint protection—good for maintenance, but not a replacement for solid nutrition.

Professional Application Insights

When to Seek Expert Help

While DIY application is entirely feasible, certain scenarios warrant professional intervention. Vehicles with severely neglected paint requiring extensive correction benefit from a pro’s expertise in choosing the right combination of compounds, pads, and techniques. Multi-stage paint corrections followed by sealant application can take 8-12 hours for novices—professional detailers achieve superior results in half the time. Additionally, if you own a high-value vehicle where perfection is paramount, the investment in professional application provides peace of mind and often includes warranties on the workmanship.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Professional Services

Professional sealant application typically ranges from $200-$500 depending on vehicle size and paint condition. This includes thorough decontamination, minor correction, and proper application with controlled curing. Compare this to $50-$100 in materials for DIY, plus 4-6 hours of your time. The professional advantage lies in experience—knowing exactly how much product to use, perfect timing for removal, and recognizing when paint needs additional correction. For enthusiasts who enjoy the process, DIY offers satisfaction and learning. For busy professionals or those wanting guaranteed results, the expense is justified.

Environmental and Health Considerations

VOC Regulations and Product Evolution

Modern sealants have evolved to meet increasingly strict volatile organic compound (VOC) regulations. Chemical Guys has reformulated many products to reduce environmental impact without sacrificing performance. Water-based carriers and reduced solvent content benefit both the environment and user health, particularly for those applying products in enclosed spaces like garages. Always check local regulations, as some areas restrict certain chemical formulations. The trend toward eco-friendliness doesn’t mean compromised protection—advancements in polymer chemistry have maintained or even improved performance while reducing chemical impact.

Safe Disposal and Storage Practices

Proper disposal of applicators and residue prevents environmental contamination. Never wash excess sealant down storm drains—wipe tools with disposable towels and discard them in regular trash once fully cured. Store products in climate-controlled environments; extreme heat can cause premature separation, while freezing temperatures may destabilize emulsions. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent solvent evaporation, which alters viscosity and application characteristics. These practices ensure product longevity and minimize ecological footprint.

Value Assessment and Budget Planning

Price-Performance Ratios

Chemical Guys sealants typically range from $20-$50 per bottle, with most covering 3-5 average-sized vehicles. This translates to $4-$15 per application—a remarkable value considering the protection provided. Compare this to quarterly professional detailing services at $150-$300 each, and the economic advantage becomes clear. Higher-priced sealants within the lineup usually offer extended durability or specialized characteristics like enhanced gloss or chemical resistance. Calculate cost-per-month of protection rather than upfront price—a $40 sealant lasting 8 months provides better value than a $20 product requiring reapplication every 3 months.

Bulk Purchasing and Professional Sizes

For detailing businesses or multi-car families, professional-sized containers (64oz+) offer significant savings, often reducing per-ounce cost by 40-50%. These larger sizes typically come in concentrate form, requiring dilution, which allows customization of protection levels. However, ensure you can use the product within its shelf life—most sealants remain stable for 2-3 years when properly stored. Splitting a professional size with fellow enthusiasts or detailing club members is an excellent way to access bulk pricing without waste.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long do Chemical Guys sealants typically last on a daily driver?

Most formulations provide 4-6 months of solid protection through regular washing and normal environmental exposure. SiO2-infused hybrids can extend this to 8-12 months, though performance varies based on climate, washing frequency, and storage conditions. The key indicator is sustained water beading—when water stops beading uniformly, it’s time to reapply.

Can I apply sealant in direct sunlight or on hot panels?

Avoid direct sunlight and hot surfaces whenever possible. High temperatures cause solvents to evaporate too quickly, preventing proper bonding and making removal extremely difficult. If you must work in warm conditions, apply to small sections immediately after cooling the panel with a damp microfiber, and work in a shaded area. Early morning or evening applications yield the best results.

Do I need to remove old wax before applying sealant?

Yes, absolutely. Wax layers prevent the sealant from properly bonding to the clear coat. Use a pre-wax cleaner or isopropyl alcohol solution (15% IPA to 85% distilled water) to strip existing protection. The surface should feel squeaky clean and show no water beading before sealant application. This step is non-negotiable for maximum durability.

How many coats of sealant should I apply?

One properly applied coat provides optimal protection. A second coat can be added after 2-4 hours of cure time for enthusiasts seeking maximum gloss, but additional layers beyond two offer diminishing returns and can compromise durability. Focus on perfect application technique rather than multiple coats—thin, even coverage always outperforms thick, uneven layers.

Will sealant hide scratches and swirl marks?

Sealants have minimal filling capability compared to waxes. They’ll mask extremely fine micro-marring but won’t hide moderate swirls or scratches. For best results, perform paint correction before sealing. The sealant will then protect your corrected finish and make future washing safer, reducing the introduction of new defects.

Can I layer wax over a Chemical Guys sealant?

Yes, wax can be applied over a fully cured sealant (after 24 hours) to add warmth and depth for shows or special events. However, the wax won’t bond directly to paint and may reduce the sealant’s hydrophobic properties slightly. For daily drivers, stick with the sealant alone for maximum protection and easier maintenance.

How do I maintain my sealant between applications?

Use a pH-neutral maintenance shampoo and avoid automated car washes with harsh brushes. Apply a spray sealant or quick detailer after each wash to reinforce protection. Perform a decontamination wash every 2-3 months using iron remover and gentle clay treatment to remove embedded contaminants without stripping the sealant.

Are Chemical Guys sealants safe on all surfaces?

Most sealants are safe for clear coat, single-stage paint, and gel coat. However, avoid applying to unpainted plastic trim, rubber seals, or matte finishes unless specifically labeled as safe for those surfaces. The polymers can create an unwanted glossy appearance on matte surfaces and may stain raw plastic. Mask these areas before application or wipe away immediately if contacted.

How does rain affect freshly applied sealant?

Water exposure within the first 4-6 hours can severely compromise curing. If rain is forecast within 24 hours, keep the vehicle garaged or covered. Light dew is less problematic but should be wiped away gently with a clean microfiber. The sealant is most vulnerable during the initial cure period—patience during this window determines ultimate performance.

What’s the difference between sealant and ceramic coating?

Sealants are polymer-based, last 4-12 months, and are user-friendly with DIY application. Ceramic coatings are SiO2 or SiC-based, last 2-5+ years, require meticulous prep and controlled application, and are more expensive. Sealants offer excellent protection with easier correction and reapplication, while ceramics provide ultimate longevity and hardness but with permanent commitment and professional costs.